英語検定　１級(2022年第3回No.4)

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1-4		英語検定(１級)　筆記	2022年第3回(No.32～No.41)
次の英文を読み、(32)から(34)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問32		Question: What point does the author of the passage make with regard to the Comanche and Apache tribes? 答え： ( 32) (1) The Comanche found themselves in a region that was far more suitable for warfare involving the use of horses than the area in which the Apache lived. (2) Because the Comanche had always been successful in war, they understood the military advantage horses offered more quickly than the Apache. (3) The Apache were quicker than the Comanche to understand the potential that horses offered for everything from hunting bison to helping with agricultural activities. (4) The difficult situation that the Comanche had been in meant that adopting a horse­centered lifestyle was likely more acceptable to them than it was to the Apache.
問33		Question: How did the Comanche change after they began trading horses? 答え： ( 33 ) (1) It became socially acceptable for women to participate in certain hunting activities, which increased their social standing in the community. (2) The accumulation of horses by the tribe transformed their society into one in which dramatic differences in social status emerged. (3) People from all levels of the tribe began exchanging gifts with each other on a much more frequent basis than they had in the past. (4) The frequent loaning of horses among the tribe members meant that the animals became shared property instead of belonging to an individual.
問34		Question: What does the author of the passage conclude with regard to the Comanche's trading of horses? 答え： ( 34 ) (1) The success achieved from the Comanche's economic ventures eventually came to have serious consequences that decreased their ability to secure food. (2) It became less profitable for the Comanche because other tribes began to establish relations with White settlers, who provided them with other types of animals. (3) The money gained from it caused the Comanche to overlook an opportunity to profit from hunting bison, which were in high demand by other tribes. (4) It led to a conflict within the Comanche between those who believed they should trade their large numbers of bison and those who wanted to trade horses.
次の英文を読み、(35)から(37)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問35		Question: In the first paragraph, what is one point that is made with regard to insect farming? 答え： ( 35 ) (1) It would encourage agriculture corporations to use the money saved on animal feed to reduce the environmental impact of animal waste. (2) It could prove to be a cost­effective way of helping smaller farm owners compete with industrial agriculture corporations. (3) By breeding large numbers of insects, there is a risk it could result in insects that can resist the chemicals commonly used on farms to kill pests. (4) By making animal agriculture more profitable, it could actually contribute to environmental harm rather than reduce it.
問36		Question: According to the author of the passage, what is one reason that "insect farming is facing pushback"? 答え： ( 36 ) (1) The size of the facilities required to both make it profitable and satisfy livestock farmers means the idea is not practical. (2) Even though farming insects is relatively cheap, the extra profits would likely go to corporate executives and not to ordinary workers. (3) Its success would likely come at the expense of the well­being of creatures that may be capable of suffering. (4) The fact that it could cause environmental problems will make many global agriculture companies reluctant to be involved with it.
問37		Question: Which of the following statements would supporters of insect farming most likely agree with? 答え： ( 37 ) (1) There is no basis for the concern that allowing insects to consume food waste would make them dangerous when used as animal feed. (2) Its merits should be considered in the general context of decreasing environmental harm rather than being seen as a perfect solution. (3) Insect farming would not only help fix problems in the animal agriculture industry but also inspire innovation in the animal­feed business. (4) Demonstrating the positive effects of insect farming on the agriculture industry will be necessary to change the general public's opinion.
次の英文を読み、(38)と(39)の質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問38		Question: When James Henry Hammond made the statement "Cotton is king," he meant that (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 38 ) (1) the economy of the United States would likely not change its focus from being primarily agricultural and relying on cotton. (2) the North was highly unlikely to wage war against the South because it was dependent on the cotton supplied by the South. (3) the South should focus on the needs of its cotton farmers rather than considering what other countries wanted it to do in its conflict with the North. (4) farmers in the South should stop planting most other types of crops and grow more cotton in order to reduce expenses during the war.
問39		Question: Which of the following statements about the South's attempt to finance the war is true? 答え： ( 39 ) (1) Although the decision by the South not to rely on taxation may have been logical given its circumstances, it also made winning the war impossible. (2) The Southern states foolishly ignored the option of establishing an income tax because they were unaware of how effective such a policy could be. (3) Although various local taxes existed in the South, many wanted to establish a national tax on the income of slave­owning landholders. (4) The South's strategy of backing up its new currency with cotton rather than gold and silver eventually made it necessary to raise taxes on landowners.
次の英文を読み、(40)と(41)の質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問40		Question: How did the North and South differ with regard to their paper currencies? 答え： ( 40 ) (1) Because the North was generally an importer rather than an exporter, it faced more challenges in creating a paper currency than the South did. (2) The North's greater access to gold and silver meant that its paper currency was worth much more than the South's was. (3) The North's insistence that its currency should be issued by local banks raised fears that the bills could become worthless someday. (4) Because the North chose to back its paper currency in a specific way, it did not experience the major price increases that occurred in the South.
問41		Question: What conclusion does the author of the passage make about the United States' economic agenda following the creation of "greenbacks"? 答え： ( 41 ) (1) Although the currency helped the North to win the war, it had long­term negative consequences on the North's agenda. (2) Despite being intended to benefit the Western states that were going to be admitted into the nation, the agenda caused a significant degree of conflict among them. (3) It would probably not have been possible to put the agenda into place if the Southern states had not decided to leave the nation. (4) Political changes that occurred after the war ended had the effect of reducing many of the benefits originally brought about by the introduction of the new currency.