英語検定　準１級(2023年第2回No.4)

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2-4		英語検定(準１級)　筆記	2023年第2回(No.32～No.41)
次の英文を読み、(32)から(34)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問32		Question: Why were so many colleges built in the United States in the nineteenth century? 答え： ( 32) (1) Increasing levels of wealth in rural areas led to more families wanting their children to receive a college education. (2) Wealthy landowners built colleges as a way to improve their public image and ensure that they would be remembered after their death. (3) Europeans living in the United States wanted colleges that would provide the same level of education that was available in their home countries. (4) Building colleges was a way for people who owned land in rural areas to increase the value of their land and attract more buyers.
問33		Question: What is true regarding many faculty members at US colleges in the nineteenth century? 答え： ( 33 ) (1) They quit after a short time because of the poor conditions they were forced to work under. (2) Their salaries were usually paid by religious organizations rather than by the colleges themselves. (3) There was a high degree of competition among them to gain the best positions at the colleges. (4) Their religious backgrounds tended to be an effective way to get students to enroll at their colleges.
問34		Question: One reason US colleges succeeded in the twentieth century was that they (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 34 ) (1) formed partnerships with local sports teams to increase the quality of their physical education programs. (2) were able to increase their financial security by creating lasting relationships with their former students. (3) decreased the competition with other colleges by focusing on recruiting students mostly from their local areas. (4) kept their costs down by using facilities already available in the community instead of building their own.
次の英文を読み、(35)から(37)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問35		Question: What do we learn about people's reactions to Oppy? 答え： ( 35 ) (1) People immediately supported Oppy because they were interested in any new discoveries about Mars. (2) People found it difficult to relate to Oppy because little effort had been made to inform them about the significance of its mission. (3) People soon lost interest in Oppy's mission because the information Oppy sent back to Earth was too technical for nonscientists to understand. (4) People felt such an emotional connection to Oppy that they expressed sympathy for it when it stopped operating.
問36		Question: According to the second paragraph, it seems likely that making Oppy appear more human was (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 36 ) (1) a strategy designed to increase overall support for NASA's activities and to help it receive more money. (2) based on experiments in which children showed an increased interest in robots that looked like humans. (3) done because psychologists suggested that the strategy would make the engineers work harder to complete it on time. (4) the result of government pressure on NASA to make its designs more likely to be used in toys.
問37		Question: According to the passage, what is a potential problem with anthropomorphism? 答え： ( 37 ) (1) It can make people rely on machines to perform tasks that would be cheaper for humans to do themselves. (2) It can make people mistakenly assume that AI and machines do not need any guidance to perform tasks correctly. (3) The belief that AI and machines act in a similar way to humans can cause people to misunderstand what they are able to do. (4) The relationships scientists form with AI can cause them to prioritize its development over the needs of humans.
次の英文を読み、(38)から(41)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問38		Question: What was one reason for the Marian reforms? 答え： ( 38 ) (1) Financial problems within the Roman Republic meant a Roman leader had no choice but to reduce funding for the military. (2) As the number of soldiers in the army increased, it became more difficult to transport them to Western Europe and Africa to defend the Roman Republic. (3) Complaints arose among soldiers because they were forced to stay in the army for many years and received low pay for their service. (4) A Roman leader was concerned that the army did not have the manpower or skills required to allow the Roman Republic to achieve its military goals.
問39		Question: What was an important change that occurred because of the Marian reforms? 答え： ( 39 ) (1) A rule was introduced stating that only Roman citizens could join the Roman army, leading to more people trying to get Roman citizenship. (2) Serving in the Roman army became more attractive because it was a way for people living in the Roman Republic to improve their lives. (3) The Roman army struggled to find enough recruits because it would only accept men who already had military experience. (4) The number of years that soldiers were required to spend in the Roman army was reduced, which lowered the average age of soldiers.
問40		Question: According to the third paragraph, after the Roman army took over new territories, (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 40 ) (1) the number of soldiers sent to those areas would be greatly increased to allow the army to attack neighboring regions and continue the expansion of the Roman Republic. (2) local people were invited to Rome's capital to learn the Roman language and culture so that they could quickly become accustomed to Roman society. (3) ex­soldiers were given land there, which made it much easier to control the local people and ensure that the areas could be defended from various threats. (4) the areas were often lost again quite quickly because it was impossible for the army to prevent the many rebellions that occurred.
問41		Question: What effect did the Marian reforms have on Roman society? 答え： ( 41 ) (1) The army was used as a political tool, creating a system in which a Roman leader gained his position by military power rather than by being chosen by the people. (2) The wealth and social standing of people who refused to serve in the army decreased, while former legionaries often obtained high government positions. (3) The Roman army became so large that the cost of maintaining it became a major cause of the fall of the Roman Republic. (4) The lack of discipline among the legionaries led to tension between Roman citizens and the army, which eventually resulted in civil wars.