英語検定　準１級(2023年第3回No.4)

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3-4		英語検定(準１級)　筆記	2023年第3回(No.32～No.41)
次の英文を読み、(32)から(34)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問32		Question: According to the first paragraph, what is true about Robert Smalls? 答え： ( 32) (1) He was forced to go to Charleston to prevent his mother from being harmed by the man who owned her. (2) He was concerned that he would be separated from his wife and children forever if they were bought by a different owner. (3) He earned enough money to buy freedom for his family, but his owner refused to let them go. (4) He took his family to live in Charleston because he thought it was a safe place to raise his children.
問33		Question: When the American Civil War began, Smalls (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 33 ) (1) persuaded the Confederates to let him work on one of its ships so that he could use the ship to get back to his hometown. (2) lost his job on the docks because the Confederates no longer had a need for enslaved workers. (3) was made to work on a ship that was used by the Confederates to transport weapons needed to fight the civil war. (4) gained favor with the Confederates by helping them find a way to get their ships out of Charleston harbor.
問34		Question: What was one factor that helped Smalls escape with his family? 答え： ( 34 ) (1) He had managed to obtain a Union flag, which he raised to prevent the Union Navy from attacking his ship. (2) His knowledge of the harbor allowed him to find a route that avoided Confederate guards. (3) He had friends in the Union Navy who were sympathetic to his situation and helped him get out of the harbor. (4) His experience had taught him how to trick the Confederate checkpoints into letting his ship pass safely.
次の英文を読み、(35)から(37)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問35		Question: Julian Simon bet Paul Ehrlich $1,000 because (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 35 ) (1) he did not think that the prices of certain essential goods were related to the prices of things like common metals. (2) he did not think that the prices of certain essential goods were related to the prices of things like common metals. (3) he wanted to demonstrate that increases in population would not result in serious shortages of the materials that humans needed to live. (4) he did not accept the idea that the world's population was going to increase as much as Ehrlich predicted it would.
問36		Question: What is implied in the second paragraph about the bet between Simon and Ehrlich? 答え： ( 36 ) (1) The specific metals and the time period that were chosen for the bet seem to have had an effect on the result. (2) Although the prices of a few metals did decrease, Ehrlich was correct about the increasing shortages due to population growth. (3) It demonstrated that neither Ehrlich nor Simon was actually correct about the long­term trends that were occurring. (4) Simon would still have won, even if the governments of countries in Eastern Europe had not had problems in the 1990s.
問37		Question: According to the author of the passage, what impact do debates like the one between Simon and Ehrlich seem to have had on modern society? 答え： ( 37 ) (1) They have made it clear that finding alternatives to common metals will become important in the very near future. (2) They have made people realize that the way common metals are used has more effect on the environment than had previously been known. (3) They have increased debates about how current population increases are going to affect the supply of necessary materials in the future. (4) They have infiuenced the way that people see modern environmental problems and made it more difficult to have meaningful communication about them.
次の英文を読み、(38)から(41)の各質問に最も適切なものを、1～4 の中から一つ選びなさい。
問38		Question: What point does the author of the passage make about education in the first paragraph? 答え： ( 38 ) (1) Efforts to ensure that a wider range of students are able to attend elite universities have not always been successful. (2) Efforts to ensure that a wider range of students are able to attend elite universities have not always been successful. (3) Efforts to make education more open to a wide variety of people have been more effective than efforts to open up companies. (4) Bringing the ideal of meritocracy to universities cannot be done unless it first comes to ordinary schools.
問39		Question: What is one possible reason for people’s behavior in the experiment introduced in the second paragraph? 答え： ( 39 ) (1) Belief in meritocracy can cause managers to evaluate male employees more harshly than they deserve. (2) Meritocracies seem to cause significant declines in the job performance of both male and female employees. (3) Trying to use financial rewards to encourage belief in meritocracy can have the completely opposite effect. (4) People are less likely to be aware of their own prejudices when they believe the company is a meritocracy.
問40		Question: According to Daniel Markovits, one disadvantage of meritocracy is that (1) or (2) or (3) or (4) 答え： ( 40 ) (1) wealthy people have found unfair ways to ensure that they continue to maintain their position without working hard. (2) the methods that are usually used to evaluate workers are often unfair, especially to members of the upper class. (3) it has created a sense of constant competition that can have negative effects on people's mental health. (4) the amount of resentment between members of different social classes has grown significantly because of it.
問41		Question: How have American views on meritocracy changed? 答え： ( 41 ) (1) More people have come to recognize that when people are poor, it may not necessarily be their fault. (2) It has caused people to change their views regarding how many immigrants should be allowed into the country. (3) People are slowly beginning to lose their prejudices against members of other races and social classes. (4) There is more recognition of the effort that wealthy people have made to achieve their high status in life.