高校英語（レベルC<大学入試3回目>）

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No3 文章読解 英検準1級・TOEIC800点
次の英文を読み，質問に対する答えとして最も適切なものを４つの中から選びなさい。

　Whale and Dolphin Watching

　Whale and dolphin watching has grown in popularity in recent decades,
　with the number of people joining such tours each year rising from 4 million in 1991 to 13 million in 2008.
　This is generally considered a positive development,
　as the activity is thought to increase appreciation for the animals and encourage support for conservation efforts.
　Concern is growing among scientists, however, regarding the risks involved.
　For one thing, the increasing number of tourist boats has made collisions with whales and dolphins more common.
　What is more, the animals' behavior has been affected.
　Marine biologist David Lusseau observed minke whales in Faxaflói Bay in Iceland
　reacting to the boats as they do to killer whales and other dangerous animals:
　they changed course quickly and swam rapidly away, tiring themselves out in the process.

　While Lusseau believes there has been no impact on the population size of minke whales in Faxaflói Bay,
　he found that the large number of dolphin-watching trips in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand,
　had caused the local population of bottlenose dolphins to decline from 67 to 56 over an eight-year span.
　Lusseau says the dolphins' efforts to avoid boats have led to lost feeding opportunities,
　and that this has had a negative effect on young dolphins' survival rates.

　Biologists say authorities should take measures to address the problem,
　such as identifying areas where whale and dolphin populations are most at risk and making them off-limits to tours.
　Introducing guidelines, such as a minimum distance between tourist boats and the animals,
　is also recommended. Additionally, requiring boats to slow down would be effective,
　as it would give the animals a chance to get away when they feel threatened.
　Although some guidelines are already in place, they are not strictly enforced in most areas.
　Unless strict regulations to protect the animals are established and consistently applied,
　tourists will likely continue to pose a threat.
問1
（１）What is true of whale and dolphin watching as a tourist activity?

(ア) It may not be as beneficial to the animals as is widely believed.
(イ) Its popularity is forcing the animals to move into dangerous areas.
(ウ) Participants often ignore warnings about the danger to themselves.
(エ) Dolphins are at greater risk of being hit by tourist boats than whales are.

問2
（２）David Lusseau believes that

(ア) the presence of tourist boats has caused the number of minke whales in Faxaflói Bay to fall.
(イ) high levels of tourism in Doubtful Sound have made it harder for bottlenose dolphins there to obtain food.
(ウ) minke whales in Faxaflói Bay have a greater fear of tourist boats than they do of killer whales.
(エ) tourism has made it difficult for biologists to do research on bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound.

問3
（３）What is one recommendation that scientists have made regarding whale and dolphin watching?

(ア) It should be stopped until its effects on the size of whale and dolphin populations are fully understood.
(イ) Tour operators should report their schedules to authorities before entering protected areas.
(ウ) Current guidelines should be relaxed because they encourage illegal whale and dolphin watching.
(エ) Boats should be subject to a speed limit in order to allow whales and dolphins time to escape from them.

 
次の英文を読み，質問に対する答えとして最も適切なものを４つの中から選びなさい。 

　Bodies on Display

　In 1995, the first Body worlds traveling exhibit was met with shock and fascination by the viewing public.
　It featured actual human bodies, posed as if frozen in action,
　with the skin removed to show muscles, bones, and organs preserved in plastic.
　More Body worlds exhibits followed in subsequent years,
　drawing nearly 35 million viewers but causing controversy as well.
　Many people have been offended by what they see as a disrespectful display of human remains.
　The bodies are given titles, such as “the Baseball Player” and “the Dancer,” and
　are placed in poses that imitate movements associated with various activities.
　Some critics argue that this artistic element proves the motive of such exhibits is profit rather than education.
　Others feel that placing bodies in this artificial context turns them into objects,
　taking away the qualities that once made them human and ignoring their individual pasts.

　Displaying dead bodies is not a new idea.
　Mummies and other forms of human remains have long been shown in museums.
　Recently, however, many cultural and ethnic groups have begun protesting these exhibits.
　The Indigenous Association of Argentina, for example,
　tried to prevent the exhibition of three mummified Incan children found on Argentina's Llullaillaco peak,
　calling it an insult to indigenous peoples.
　It is believed the children were sacrificed as part of an ancient Incan religious ceremony.
　According to the president of the association, Rogelio Guanuco, displaying the mummies is wrong
　because “it turns something spiritual into something commercial.”

　The American archaeologist who discovered the mummies, Johan Reinhard, has a different perspective,
　however. He argues that it is better to keep such remains in museums,
　where they can be protected from thieves.
　He views his work as anything but an insult, seeing it instead as a sort of cultural preservation.
　Indeed, the Incan mummies, which are on display at a museum in Argentina,
　have revealed much information about the diet, dress,
　and practices of a culture that had been largely lost to history.
　Instead of keeping such educational treasures from public view,
　more institutions have begun adopting policies to ensure they are displayed respectfully.
　One priority of these institutions is to make sure educational and cultural information is communicated clearly.

　Many also use signs to prepare visitors for what they will see,
　and display mummies under soft lighting to create a peaceful, tomblike setting.
　By taking care not to offend visitors, these institutions hope to avoid the controversies associated
　with exhibits such as Body worlds.
問4
（４）Some opponents of Body worlds believe that

(ア) the use of plastic to preserve the bodies is unnatural and therefore not appropriate for human remains.
(イ) the ways the bodies are posed provide hints about their pasts, which could enable viewers to recognize the.
(ウ) the money made by the exhibits should be partially shared with the dead people's families.
(エ) the bodies are displayed in a manner that shows little respect for the lives they once lived.

問5
（５）What do we learn about Johan Reinhard?

(ア) He is proud of having discovered the Llullaillaco mummies but thinks it is wrong to profit from them.
(イ) He supports the transfer of the Llullaillaco mummies to a museum because he believes they are safer there.
(ウ) He fears the Llullaillaco mummies were damaged so badly that it will never be possible to display them.
(エ) He is certain that some of the Llullaillaco mummies' possessions were stolen before he discovered the mummies.

問6
（６）What is one recent policy introduced by some institutions regarding human remains?

(ア) Remains that have been illegally obtained are removed from display and given a proper burial.
(イ) Remains are displayed in ways that attempt to be informative to viewers without upsetting or shocking them.
(ウ) The institutions agree to use remains only for research unless permission for other uses is given by family members.
(エ) The institutions display the remains for a certain amount of time and then return them to their places of origin.