高校英語（レベルC<定期テスト5回目>）
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No5
文章読解
英検準1級・TOEIC800点
次の英文を読み，( )に入れるのに最も適切なものを４つの中から一つ選びなさい。
Chaco Canyon
The Ancient Pueblo people were active in an area of the southwestern United States
known as Chaco Canyon until about AD 1130.
They left behind a number of large buildings, as well as wide, straight roadways
that extend into the surrounding region.
Archaeologists initially believed the roadways were ( 1 ).
Items that originated thousands of kilometers away from the canyon, such as cacao, pottery, and marine shells,
have been uncovered there.
Moreover, chemical analysis has shown that trees used to build the structures
came from mountains at least 75 kilometers away.
Chaco Canyon researcher Anna Sofaer, however, believes both the buildings and the roads served only as spiritual symbols.
She found evidence that the orientation and architecture of the structures
were developed in relation to the cycles of the sun and moon.
Sofaer notes that, even today, these cycles play an important spiritual role in the culture of people native to the area.
( 2 ), analysis of Chaco Canyon's geography reveals the roadways would not have connected communities
in the region in an efficient manner,
and so they were unlikely to have served a practical, physical purpose.
Most scholars now accept that Chaco Canyon was reserved for holding religious ceremonies.
Indeed, the region would have ( 3 ) a permanent settlement.
Surrounded by mountains, the canyon is isolated, with short growing seasons and limited rainfall.
Additionally, analysis of the buildings shows they were not used for long-term housing.
Rather, the Ancient Pueblo people likely made use of them during seasonal journeys to the area to participate
in spiritual events.
問1
（１）
(ア) a temporary project
(イ) a means of protection
(ウ) used for transport
(エ) constructed very quickly
問2
（２）
(ア) Despite this
(イ) In other words
(ウ) On the other hand
(エ) What is more
問3
（３）
(ア) been an unlikely choice for
(イ) had much to offer as
(ウ) appeared to be a safe place for
(エ) had a long history as
次の英文を読み，( )に入れるのに最も適切なものを４つの中から一つ選びなさい。
The Other Side of Germs
The term “microbiome” refers to the millions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in and on our bodies.
Until recently, scientists focused mainly on how these organisms cause disease and how they can be destroyed.
( 4 ), the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is linked to certain diseases of the stomach,
has been nearly eliminated by antibiotics in developed countries.
Martin Blaser, a microbiologist at New York University, says this approach should be questioned.
He notes that, from an evolutionary standpoint,
H. pylori's long association with humans makes no sense if its only function is to harm us.
Indeed, recent findings suggest H. pylori also has a positive role.
Studies of mice show that eliminating H. pylori from the stomach causes hormonal changes that lead to severe weight gain.
In nations where antibiotics have reduced the presence of H. pylori, obesity may therefore ( 5 ).
Further studies indicate that humans without H. pylori are more likely to develop diseases such as asthma,
which has become widespread throughout developed countries.
Dr. David Relman, a professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine,
is convinced that the medical establishment's focus on killing germs ( 6 ).
The increasing number of allergies in developed countries,
he says, is related to the destruction of the microbiome by antibiotics.
Relman compares the microbiome to a complex forest ecosystem.
He says we should manage it the way we manage wilderness preserves:
with the understanding that diversity is key to the overall health of the system.
問4
（４）
(ア) Nevertheless
(イ) For example
(ウ) Surprisingly
(エ) On the contrary
問5
（５）
(ア) be one consequence
(イ) have one positive effect
(ウ) begin to decrease
(エ) have little connection
問6
（６）
(ア) makes diseases hard to recognize
(イ) will lead to further advances
(ウ) needs to change
(エ) has been necessary
高校英語（レベルC<定期テスト5回目>）